澳洲大学申请essay：澳大利亚的公共交通系统
澳大利亚拥有最发达的公共交通系统。根据世界机构的报告，它也是最实惠的交通方式之一(理事会，2006)。要分析公共交通是否能被澳大利亚的共同财富所取代，就必须了解联邦体系的整体政治结构，了解公共交通资金的细微差别。这将从根本上解决澳大利亚联邦承担为澳大利亚公共交通提供资金的责任的可行性。
公共交通包括公共汽车、火车、出租车、班车、城市铁路、轻轨和单轨。它还包括水路运输。澳大利亚有一个作为公共交通工具的综合网络系统。澳大利亚宪法是一个联邦治理体系(Currie, 2010)。在政治治理体系中，资金来源五花八门。现行的公共交通收费制度是以税收、消费税、资源使用费以及轻型和重型车辆的额外收费等形式征收的。在这种情况下，需要联邦、州和地方的资金来满足人们日益增长的需求(Currie et al.， 2009)。私营部门的投资对公共交通系统也至关重要。就目前的筹资制度而言，有许多收入来源。两级政府都向人民收取道路使用费。维护、更新和扩展分布在政府的三层。澳大利亚有一个复杂的体系，有着错综复杂的网络，这在人们对澳大利亚融资体系的了解中是不清楚的。以税收、关税和费用形式提供的资金被该国现有的所有治理制度所使用。
对于缺乏资源和资金的县来说，将会有更好的资源可用。将会有一个对所有人来说都是共同的、同质化的、更高质量的体系。更多的技术进步和基础设施将在这里发展。缺点是将会有更多的政府控制，各个郡将不得不等待更长的时间来带来变化，这对那些不能由联邦独自处理的人民的要求越来越高。除此之外，人口老龄化也需要更多的资源。从经济上讲，这将是这个系统中的负现金流。因此，由于这些问题，英联邦不应该也不能接管公共交通。
澳洲大学申请essay：澳大利亚的公共交通系统
Australia has one of the most well developed public transport systems. According to the world agencies report, it is also one of the most affordable forms of transport (Council, 2006). To analyze if public transport can be taken over by common wealth of Australia, it is imperative to understand about the overall political structure of federal system to understand the nuance of funding in public transport. This would essentially address the feasibility of commonwealth of Australia taking over the responsibility for funding public transport in Australia.
Public transport encompasses buses, trains, taxis, shuttles, urban rail, light rail and monorail. It also factors in waterways transport. There is an integrated system of networks that function as public transport in Australia. The Australian Constitution is a federal system of governance (Currie, 2010). In the system of political governance, funding is collected from a number of eclectic sources. In the current system of public transport fees are collected in the form of taxes, excise duty, fees for using of resources, and also extra charge for light motorist and heavy vehicle motorist. In this scenario federal, state, and local funding are required to meet the growing needs of people (Currie et al., 2009). Private sector investments are also crucial for the public transport system. For the current system of funding, there are numerous sources of income. The two levels of government collect fees and charges from people for road related usage. Maintenance, renewal and expansion are spread across three tiers of the government. There is a complex system with intricate networks in place that is obscured in understanding about the funding system in Australia. The funding in the forms of taxes, duty and fees is used by all the governance systems existing in the country.
There will be better resources available for the counties that lack resources and money. There will be homogenized higher quality system that is common for all people. More technological advancements and infrastructure will develop within the place. Disadvantages are that there will be more governmental control and individual counties will have to wait for longer periods to bring in change, growing requirements of the people who cannot be handled by the commonwealth alone. Apart from this, the aging population also requires more resources. Economically speaking, this will be negative cash flow in this system. Hence, commonwealth should not and cannot take over the public transport owing to these issues.
