Step 5: Evaluate and analyze the information: The researcher compares the information which was compiled and found by them and their ideas from thinking and reading about the information to their heading.
• Step 6: Combine the information: This step is used to combine their thesis based on the compiled information which is assumed. This step is also useful to initiate to write their paper and outline their project.
• Step 7: Present/Communicate the research: Finally the research is communicated in the format needed by their professor and they must also use appropriate citations to eliminate plagiarism.
A research design is the planning and executing a research project from identifying the problem through to reporting and publishing the results. By contrast at its most specific level the design of the study refers to the way a researcher guards against and tries to rule out alternative interpretation of results. Pennink B and Jonker J (2010) says that the idea of situating the researcher in the empirical world illuminates the way in which research design can be thought of as providing a bridge between conceptualizing and operationalizing research. Research design is about making a basic plan for a research project. A design specifies the logical structure of a research project and the plan will be followed in its execution. According to Bordens (2006) a research design establishes the general framework of a study addressing each phase of the investigative process. Expert researchers design their studies and then implement these designs with flexibility as they respond to situations that arise as their projects progress. Research design varies depending to a great extent upon whether the study has a quantitative or qualitative orientation. There are some general considerations to be considered when designing any research project. This consists of:
• Establishing the validity of the final conclusions.
• Establishing conditions that make causal assertions and inferences plausible.
• Facilitating interpretation and generalization.
• Anticipating problems that may arise in the course of conducting the research.
In this research paper all the 4 article have descriptive research. The research which aims to describe the above characteristics of data is referred to as the descriptive research or sometimes even statistical research. Descriptive research is only one of the components of statistical research. In fact descriptive research is usually the first step towards any full-fledged statistical analysis. Kirsch G (1992) says that Descriptive research answers the questions of who, what, where, when and how. It does not answer the questions of why. Descriptive research deals with anything that can be measured or counted. Descriptive research is mainly done when a researcher wants to have quantitative ideas of the variables under study. Descriptive research is highly accurate and useful it does not provide the causes for the finding behind a situation as such.
步骤5：评估和分析信息：通过比较这是编译和发现他们和他们的思想从思维和阅读有关他们的航向信息。
•步骤6：结合信息：这一步是用来结合论文基于编译信息，假设。这一步也开始写自己的文章和提纲项目有用的。
•步骤7：现在/沟通的研究：最后的研究是由他们的教授所需要的通信格式和他们也必须使用适当的引文消除抄袭。
研究设计是规划和通过报告和公布结果识别问题的一个研究项目的执行。相比之下，在其最具体的层面设计的研究是指研究防范和试图排除其他的解释结果的方式。彭尼克B和Jonker J（2010）表示，将研究者在经验世界的思想阐释的研究设计可以被认为是提供之间的构思和实施研究的桥路。研究设计是使一个研究项目的基本计划。设计指定的一个研究项目的逻辑结构和计划将在其执行之后。根据北部（2006）的研究设计，建立了研究的调查过程中各阶段的总体框架。专家学者的研究和设计并实现这些设计的灵活性，他们的反应是由于他们的项目进展情况。研究设计在很大程度上取决于是否有定量或定性定位研究。在设计时要考虑的一些一般考虑任何研究项目。这包括：
•建立的最终结论的正确性。
•建立条件使因果推论似是而非的断言和。
•便于解释和推广。
•预测问题进行研究的过程中可能会出现的。
在本文的4篇文章中有描述的研究。其目的是描述数据的上述特点的研究被称为描述性研究或甚至统计研究。描述性研究是一统计研究的成分。事实上，描述性研究通常是对任何正式的统计分析的第一步。Kirsch G（1992）说，描述性研究回答了谁，什么，哪里，何时和如何。它没有回答为什么的问题。有什么可以测量或计数的描述性研究。描述性研究主要做的是当一个研究者想让变量的定量思想研究。描述性研究是非常准确和有用，它不为后面情况的发现提供的原因等。
