一个上市公司每年发布年度报告。的年度报告公司的财务报表。这些财务报表服务于不同的目的和利益相关者有很多人利用这些财务报表。财务报表的基本目的是分析公司的业绩在过去的财政年度。财务报表也有助于理解公司的当前位置。有三个主要的财务报表可以用来分析公司业绩。这些可以作为现金流量表参军,损益表和资产负债表语句。所有这三个财务报表服务于不同的目的和给每个不同的信息,但相互关联的所有这些财务报表有助于分析公司的资本结构,有效的为公司有良好的资本结构。使用不同的工具像财务比率来维持公司的资本。如何使用这些财务比率在所有组件中使用信息资本维护讨论(Choi,日野,分南、Ujiie &石城,1983)。资产负债表提供的现状位置负债和资产的公司,日期。资产负债表通常提出的分类资产负债表将项目分为不同的类别,如当前的资产和负债,非流动资产和负债,投资(长期),无形资产和股东权益总额。资产负债表也被称为“一个公司的财务状况的声明(笔者,2007)。资产负债表提供资产和负债的数量。因此,有助于理解多少库存,资产、负债和债务公司目前已经拥有。现金流量表有助于提供一个洞察实际现金交易的公司来完成。因此,投资者可以粗略估计公司的现金的利用。通过分析公司的资产负债表和利润表,可以评估公司的财务状况。但这些语句可以很容易地操纵公司的良好形象。然而,很难建立一个公司的现金流量表,因此他们为公司的财务提供真正的见解。例如,销售的增加伴随着减少经营性现金流的一些问题(Govindarajan,1980)。
A publicly listed company publishes its annual report on an annual basis. A section of the annual reports has financial statements of the firm. These financial statements serve different purposes and there are many stakeholders who make use of these financial statements. The basic aim of financial statements is to analyze the performance of a company over the past financial year. Financial statements also help to understand the current position of the company. There are three main financial statements which can be used to analyze the company performance. These can be enlisted as Cash flow statements, P&L statements and Balance sheet. All these three financial statements serve different purposes and give different information but are interlinked to each all these financial statements help to analyze the capital structure of the firm and are effective for the firm to have good capital structure. Different tools like financial ratios are used to maintain the capital of the firm. How these financial ratios can be used using the information present in all the components for capital maintenance has been discussed (Choi, Hino, Min Nam, Ujiie, & Stonehill, 1983). A balance sheet gives the present situation position of the liabilities and assets of the firm as on that date. Balance sheet presented normally is the classified balance sheet which classifies the items into various categories like current assets and liabilities, non-current assets and liabilities, investments (long term), intangible assets, and total stockholder’s equity. Balance sheet is also known as ‘a statement of the financial position of a firm’ (Penman, 2007). Balance sheet gives the amount of assets and liabilities. Thus it helps to understand how much inventory, assets, liabilities and debt companies currently have in possession.
The cash flow statements are instrumental in providing an insight of the actual cash transactions done by the firm. Thus, the investor can get a rough estimate of where the cash of the company is utilized. By analyzing the balance sheet and the income statement of a company, one can estimate the financial condition of a firm. But these statements can easily be manipulated to a good image of the firm. However, it is difficult to forge the cash flow statements of a company and thus they provide the true insights to a company’s financials. For example, an increase in the sales accompanied by a decrease in operating cash flow is an indication of some problems (Govindarajan, 1980).