代写招聘：殖民时期到各州独立的历史分析
目前的地理和政治分歧是19世纪欧洲入侵和帝国主义的结果。在被欧洲人入侵之前，东南亚由海洋帝国和农业国家组成。在入侵的早期，欧洲人没有进入该地区的内部或大陆部分。然而，他们从19世纪开始这样做，作为他们业务增长和市场占领政策的一部分。几乎所有的国家，除了暹罗(泰国)，都沦为殖民主义的牺牲品，这种殖民主义在20世纪迅速改变了地区层面(Heidhues, 2001)。与印度和中国的接触也影响了该区域的政治结构。20世纪初，西方国家发展了民主政策，而东南亚国家则采取了独裁统治。这些欧洲列强长期统治着东南亚的政治版图，直到1942-1945年日本列强占领该地区。这宣告了殖民主义的结束。争取独立的谈判要么与美国、英国、荷兰和法国等欧洲列强讨论，要么通过战争从他们手中抢走。
The current geographical and political divisions are the results of the European invasion and imperialism in the 19th Century. Southeast Asia consisted of both maritime empires and agrarian states before they were invaded by the Europeans. During the early stages of invasion, Europeans did not enter the inner or mainland part of this region. Nevertheless, they began to do this from the 19th century as a part of their business growth and market capture policy. Almost every country, except Siam (Thailand), fell prey to colonialism that rapidly changed the regional dimension in the 20th century (Heidhues, 2001). Contacts with India and China had also influenced the political structure of the region. Early 20th Century saw the Western countries developing democratic policies, but Southeast Asian countries adopted authoritarian dependencies. These European powers dominated the political dimension of Southeast Asia for a long time until the period of 1942-1945 when Japanese power occupied this region. This announced the end of colonialism. Negotiation for independence was either discussed with or snatched through the medium of war from various European powers like the Americans, British, Dutch, and French imperialists.
代写招聘：殖民时期到各州独立的历史分析
到1954年，每个东南亚国家都独立了。但这种变化导致了阶级冲突、东西方冷战和民族主义斗争。它见证了共产主义团体的崛起。在越南，共产党在争取独立的斗争中发挥了主导作用。战争结束后不久，美国采取措施在越南南部建立一个非共产主义国家(奥斯本，2013)。这导致了长达20年的残酷战争，夺去了近100万人的生命。1975年，越南统一，成为一个独立的国家。社会主义国家与其他国家之间的紧张关系得到了处理，各种讨论和谈判于1990年代末富有成果地结束。个别州的政治变化也很剧烈。权力结构没有明显的线性趋势。因此，在这一地区可以同时看到专制和民主结构。此外，对权力的渴望导致了政治斗争、内战、公开选举，甚至屠杀。菲律宾和缅甸发生了针对统治精英的有效的公民抗议。这些战后的政治变化不能用政治报道甚至学术研究来恰当地解释。20世纪80年代和90年代见证了一些革命性的政治变革。苏联的解体使社会主义国家走向了市场经济。在菲律宾，宏观经济体制结束了。大规模的街头抗议和其他类型的抗议见证了泰国进入民主时代和印尼苏哈托政权的终结。马来西亚、新加坡和柬埔寨也开始了稳定、公开选举和重大变革。经过长期斗争，东帝汶于2002年获得独立。这些政治和权力的变化将东南亚的政治机制塑造成一个新的结构和维度。
By 1954, every Southeast Asian country was independent. But this change resulted in class conflicts, East-West cold war, and nationalist struggles. It saw the rise of the communist groups. In Vietnam, communists played the lead role in the fight for the independence. Soon after the war ended, the US power took steps to establish a noncommunist state in the southern Vietnam (Osborne, 2013). This led to a 20 years long ferocious and brutal war that claimed the lives of almost a million of people. In 1975, Vietnam was united and emerged as an independent state. The tension between the socialist states and the other countries was dealt with various discussions and negotiations that fruitfully ended in the late 1990s. Political changes in individual states were also dramatic. There was no clear linear trend in the power structure. Therefore, authoritarian and democratic structures could be found side by side in this region. Moreover, the thirst for power led to political struggles, civil war, open elections, and even massacres. The Philippines and Burma saw effective civil protests against the ruling elites. These postwar political changes cannot be properly interpreted by political reporting or even academic scholarship. The 1980s and 1990s witnessed some evolutionary and revolutionary political changes. The fall of the Soviet Union led the socialist countries to move towards market-driven economics. In the Philippines, the Macros regime ended. Mass street protests and other types of protests saw the Thailand moving into the democratic era and the end of Suharto regime in Indonesia. Stability, open elections, and major changes were also initiated in Malaysia, Singapore, and Cambodia. After a long struggle, East Timor attained independence in 2002. These political and power changes shaped Southeast Asian political mechanics to a new structure and dimension.
