英国环境研究论文代写：人类与自然的联系
荒野的现代概念将人类与自然区分开来，从而为维护人类活动不仅仅是有限但被禁止的保护地提供了基础。保护被称为原始地和荒地的土地完全忽视了人类在这些土地上居住了数百万年而不损害或感染这些土地的事实。这些原始的或者处女的土地不是由于人类的感染而造成的，而是由于环境的恶化以及工业和现代社会的建立。这是一个现代和社会建构的荒野观，表明人类与自然是分离的（克隆，1995;伍兹，2001;默顿斯，2008）。 Cronon，Woods和Mertens在他们的着作中拒绝了人类居住危害自然环境的保存或营养的观点。他们完全拒绝这样一个观点，即荒野是指那些完全没有人类的土地。他们和许多其他哲学家一样，不相信原始的或处女的土地。 Mertens（2008）以简单的话来说，许多作者拒绝这个概念，说：“原始神话”（第38页）。 Mertens（2008）表示，未触及的自然土地的想法是西方世界的发明。在现实世界中并不存在这样的东西。
未触动的，原始的和处女的土地的想法否认整个人类的历史，尤其是那些土着边缘化的人。克罗伦（Cronon，1995）通过将西方的荒野观念说成是“脱离历史”（第80页）来支持历史在社会生活中的重要性。如果认为那些荒野地区真的是原始的和处女地，而且它们从来没有被人类社会居住过，那么这将是历史上的种族灭绝。伍兹（Woods，2011，p.357）对种族灭绝这个词的描述非常合适。
英国环境研究论文代写：人类与自然的联系
The modern concept of wilderness separates human beings from nature and thus providing the basis for maintaining preserve lands where human activity is not just limited but banned. The protection of lands calling them pristine and virgin lands or wild-lands completely ignores the fact that human beings inhabited these lands for millions of years without damaging or infecting them. These pristine or virgin lands are made restricted not due to human beings infection but due to environmental degradation and establishment of industries and modern societies. It is a modern and socially constructed view of wilderness which suggests that human beings are separate from nature (Cronon, 1995; Woods, 2001; Mertens, 2008). Cronon, Woods and Mertens, in their writings, reject the idea that human inhabitation is harmful for preservation or nourishment of natural environment. They completely reject the idea that wilderness refers to those lands which are complete remained untouched by human beings. They, along with many other philosophers, do not believe in pristine or virgin lands. Mertens (2008) concludes the rejection of this concept from numerous authors in simple words by saying: “myth of the pristine” (p. 38). Mertens (2008) says that the idea of untouched natural lands is the invention of western world. Nothing like that exists in the real world.
The idea of untouched, pristine and virgin lands denies entire human history, especially those human beings who were marginalized indigenous. Cronon (1995) supports the importance of history in societal life by phrasing the western idea of wilderness as ‘escape from history’ (p. 80). If it is believed that those wilderness areas really exist as pristine and virgin lands and they are never inhabited by human societies than it will be genocide of history. The word genocide was very well fitted for this denial of history by Woods (2011, p.357).
